The International Journal of e-Learning and Higher Education © 2008 is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

All IJELHE articles from our website (https://journalined.uitm.edu.my/index.php ) are published with open access under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 4.0. This means that the author(s) retains the copyright. However, the content is free to download, distribute, and adapt for non-commercial purposes only. However, appropriate attribution must be made to the original article.

Upon submission, the author(s) automatically grants IJELHE a license to publish, display, store, copy, and reuse the content. The license will cease if the author withdraws the paper by writing to the chief editor within a month of submission. The paper cannot be withdrawn after it is published.

The CC-BY-NC 4.0 Creative Commons attribution license enables anyone to use the publication freely, giving appropriate attribution to the author(s) and citing IJELHE as the original publisher.

The CC-BY-NC 4.0 Creative Commons attribution license does not apply to third-party materials that display a copyright notice to prohibit copying.

Unless the third-party content is also subject to a CC-BY-NC 4.0 Creative Commons attribution license, or an equally permissive license, the author(s) must comply with any third-party copyright notices.